%0 Journal Article %T Aspergillus fumigatus conidia upregulates NOD2 protein expression both in vitro / and in vivo %A Zhang Hui-jun %A Qu Jie-ming %A Shao Chang-zhou %A Zhang Jing %A He Li-xian %A Yuan Zheng-hong %J Acta Pharmacologica Sinica %D 2016 %B 2016 %9 %! Aspergillus fumigatus conidia upregulates NOD2 protein expression both in vitro / and in vivo %K %X Aim: To determine if NOD2 is involved in host recognition of Aspergillus fumigatus ( Af ) conidia. Methods: An Af conidia pulmonary infection murine model was established by intranasal inoculation of Af onidia suspensions. Protein levels of NOD2 in lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. A549 and phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated THP-1 cell lines were treated with heat-killed Af conidia, then the presence of NOD2 protein in these cell lines was detected by Western blotting. The ability of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) to induce the secretion of TNF-α after incubation with heat-killed Af conidia was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expression of NOD2 protein in lung tissue increased after Af conidia infection. Heat-killed Af conidia significantly upregulated NOD2 protein expression in A549 cells and PMA-activated THP-1 cells. Additionally, Af conidia in conjuction with MDP, significantly increased the secretion of TNF-α in A549 cells and PMA-activated THP-1 cells. Conclusion: Af conidia upregulates NOD2 protein expression in vitro / and in vivo . These findings indicate that NOD2 protein may respond to Af conidia. %U http://www.chinaphar.com/article/view/6328 %V 29 %N 10 %P 1202-1208 %@ 1745-7254